Mean piston speed in m/s and ft/min from stroke and RPM.
Stroke in mm and the RPM you want to check (often the rev limit).
Mean piston speed = 2 x stroke x RPM, shown in m/s and ft/min.
Road engines usually sit below ~20 m/s; race engines push 25 m/s and beyond with the right parts.
The average speed of the piston over a stroke: 2 x stroke (m) x RPM / 60. It is a better reliability guide than RPM alone because a long-stroke engine stresses parts more at the same RPM.
Stock road engines typically stay under about 20 m/s. Well-built performance engines run 22-25 m/s, and full race engines go higher with forged parts. Past ~25 m/s reliability drops fast.
Lifting the limiter raises piston speed and the inertial loads on rods and pistons. Checking mean piston speed tells you whether a higher limit is sensible for the parts fitted.
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