Thermal efficiency and charge-air temperature drop of your intercooler.
Air temp leaving the turbo (hot side), air temp leaving the intercooler (into the engine), and ambient air.
Effectiveness = (T_in − T_out) ÷ (T_in − T_ambient).
Good street intercoolers reach 70–90% effectiveness; low numbers mean heat-soak or an undersized core.
Thermal effectiveness = (compressor-out temp − intercooler-out temp) ÷ (compressor-out temp − ambient temp). 100% would mean the charge air is cooled all the way down to ambient.
Around 70–90% is good for a street car. Below ~65% on a sustained pull usually points to an undersized core, poor airflow or heat-soak.
Cooler, denser intake air resists knock and makes more power. Tuners watch IAT closely — a hot intercooler forces the ECU to pull timing.
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